Paneth cells

Paneth cells are specialized epithelial cells found at the base of the crypts in the small intestine. Nestled alongside intestinal stem cells, they act as guardians of the gut environment. Their main defense comes from secreting antimicrobial peptides such as defensins and lysozyme, which keep harmful microbes in check and maintain a healthy microbiome. Beyond microbial defense, Paneth cells create a nurturing niche for stem cells, releasing growth factors and signaling molecules that ensure continuous renewal of the intestinal lining.